Better looking birds have more help at home with their chicks

Monday, June 25, 2012

In choosing a mate both males and females rely on visual cues to determine which potential partner will supply the best genes, best nesting site, best territory, and best parenting skills. New research published in BioMed Central's open access journal Frontiers in Zoology shows that male blue tits' (Cyanistes caeruleus) parental behavior is determined by female ornamentation (ultraviolet coloration of the crown), as predicted by the differential allocation hypothesis (DAH).

DAH makes the assumption that aesthetic traits indicate quality and arises from the needs of a parent's current need to ensure current reproductive success and the reproductive success of their offspring. Ornamentation and its maintenance is a cost which reduces energy available for reproduction, but without the ornamentation an individual may not be able to secure a mate. Ornamentation also plays a role in competition between males and between females, as well as signaling potential reproductive success.

But reproductive success does not only depend on the best genes and the best nest, it also depends on parenting skills. Researchers from Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, supported by the "Sparkling-Science" Program, investigated the effect of female ornamentation on the chick-rearing behavior of their mates. Both males and female blue tits have feathers on the top of their heads which reflect UV light. After their chicks had hatched, female blue tits were captured and their crowns smeared with either duck preen gland oil containing UV-blocking chemicals or the oil alone.

Although the UV-blocking chemicals did not alter the behavior of the females, their mates made fewer hunting trips to feed their brood. However the males made the same effort to protect their nest and defend their chicks as males with oil-only treated females.

Dr Matteo Griggio, co-author of this study, commented, "This is the first study to show that male blue tit behavior depends on female ornamentation. Even though our experiment was minimally invasive to avoid partners not being able to recognize each other, the behavior of male blue tits in this study matched the DAH. DAH also predicts that less attractive females should increase their parental investment but we found no compensatory female behavior."

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BioMed Central: http://www.biomedcentral.com

Thanks to BioMed Central for this article.

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Venus loses in Wimbledon 1st round, 1st since '97

Venus Williams of the United States tosses the tennis ball to serve to Elena Vesnina of Russia during a first round women's singles match at the All England Lawn Tennis Championships at Wimbledon, England, Monday, June 25, 2012. (AP Photo/Alastair Grant)

Venus Williams of the United States tosses the tennis ball to serve to Elena Vesnina of Russia during a first round women's singles match at the All England Lawn Tennis Championships at Wimbledon, England, Monday, June 25, 2012. (AP Photo/Alastair Grant)

Agnieszka Radwanska of Poland returns a shot to Magalena Rybarikova of Slovakia during a first round women's singles match at the All England Lawn Tennis Championships at Wimbledon, England, Monday, June 25, 2012. (AP Photo/Alastair Grant)

Samantha Stosur of Australia returns a shot to Carla Suarez Navarro of Spain during a first round match at the All England Lawn Tennis Championships at Wimbledon, England, Monday, June 25, 2012. (AP Photo/Alastair Grant)

Na Li of China returns a shot to Ksenia Pervak of Kazakhstan during a first round match at the All England Lawn Tennis Championships at Wimbledon, England, Monday, June 25, 2012. (AP Photo/Sang Tan)

Novak Djokovic of Serbia leaps to returns a shot to Juan Carlos Ferrero of Spain during a first round men's singles match at the All England Lawn Tennis Championships at Wimbledon, England, Monday, June 25, 2012. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)

WIMBLEDON, England (AP) ? Five-time champion Venus Williams was eliminated 6-1, 6-3 by Elena Vesnina of Russia at Wimbledon on Monday, the first time the American has lost in the opening round at the All England Club since her debut 15 years ago.

Williams, a seven-time Grand Slam champion, has fallen to 58th in the world rankings since being diagnosed with an autoimmune disease. She lost the first five games on Court 2 to the 79th-ranked Russian and, although she picked up her game and fought hard, was never able to turn the match around.

Defending men's champion Novak Djokovic had no such troubles, beating former No. 1 Juan Carlos Ferrero 6-3, 6-3, 6-1 in the opening match on Centre Court.

Associated Press

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Partial roof collapse at Canada mall, evacuation

A woman checks out the damage after a roof collapsed at the Algo Centre Mall in Elliot Lake, Ontario, Saturday, June 23, 2012. The partial collapse prompted a local state of emergency and a search for anyone who might have been injured in the cave-in. (AP Photo/The Canadian Press, Cora Richer)

A woman checks out the damage after a roof collapsed at the Algo Centre Mall in Elliot Lake, Ontario, Saturday, June 23, 2012. The partial collapse prompted a local state of emergency and a search for anyone who might have been injured in the cave-in. (AP Photo/The Canadian Press, Cora Richer)

A woman checks out the damage after a roof collapsed at the Algo Centre Mall in Elliot Lake, Ontario, Saturday, June 23, 2012. The partial collapse prompted a local state of emergency and a search for anyone who might have been injured in the cave-in. (AP Photo/The Canadian Press, Cora Richer)

ELLIOT LAKE, Ontario (AP) ? A roof partially collapsed at a busy shopping mall in Canada on Saturday, prompting an evacuation and a search for anyone who might have been injured.

A portion of the roof that serves as a parking area crumbled in the afternoon, exposing metal and concrete supports as Algo Centre Mall bustled with weekend shoppers.

Police spokeswoman Christine Ouimet said police did not yet know whether anyone has been injured or if there was anyone missing.

The collapse also triggered a gas leak and prompted emergency officials to shut off the mall's power.

Emergency officials quickly cleared out the mall and closed surrounding roads.

Mayor Rick Hamilton declared a state of emergency soon after the collapse.

Joe Drazil, a Zellers store employee, said several cars appeared to have fallen through the gaping hole near some escalators.

"You can see the roof with the cars hanging inside," he said. "Everybody was cleared from the whole mall. After that, there was numerous police and emergency vehicles coming from all over."

The two-level mall in this northern Ontario community is approximately 200,000 square feet (18,580 sq. meters). It houses a grocery store, restaurants, a number of retail outlets, a hotel, and the constituency office for a member of the provincial parliament.

Calls to the management office at the mall were not immediately returned. Calls to the Algo Inn hotel attached to the mall were not answered.

___

Associated Press writer Charmaine Noronha contributed from Toronto.

Associated Press

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